• AMPK is a cellular energy sensor

  2023-01-02

  

  AMPK is a cellular energy sensor that is phosphorylated in response to high intracellular ADP levels to increase GLUT4 translocation into the cell, and subsequently, increase intracellular glucose levels to provide substrate to replenish ATP levels [25]. In metabolic syndrome, sequestration of plasm

• br Functional repercussions of each trimming pathway A

  2023-01-02

  

  Functional repercussions of each trimming pathway A main difference between the two pathways presented in Fig. 1 lies in enzyme kinetics and selectivity. In pathway #1, the substrate for ERAP1 is free peptide, and so both kinetics and selectivity are determined by interactions between the peptide

• Based on our findings in this work

  2023-01-02

  

  Based on our findings in this work as well as the previous published data in the experimental mice model of RSV infection, we suggest that modulation of 12/15 LOX expression and/or blocking of LOX products such as 12(S)-HETE may represent potential pharmacological approaches to prevent or treat vira

• br Experimental br Acknowledgment br Introduction The NADPH

  2023-01-02

  

  Experimental Acknowledgment Introduction The NADPH-dependent reduction of d-glucose catalyzed by aldose reductase (E.C.1.1.1.21) (AR) is considered as one of the phenomena leading to the onset of long term diabetic complications [as review see: [1], [2]. In fact, the reduction of the sugar,

• The macrophage is the major cell type responsible for choles

  2023-01-02

  

  The macrophage is the major cell type responsible for cholesterol uptake and metabolism associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in focal areas of the arterial subendothelial space. In advanced atherosclerotic lesions of cardiovascular disease, cholesterol-induced macrophage

• AdipoR and AdipoR have been reported to

  2023-01-02

  

  AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 have been reported to be present in almost all type of tissues and low ghrelin receptor levels have been observed in white adipose tissue (Inukai et al., 2005). These receptors have been observed to become deregulated with the onset of obesity, resulting in a reduced level of AP

• The zebrafish Danio rerio is

  2023-01-02

  

  The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular model organism for virtually any biological function of vertebrates, and has, therefore, received a wide distribution in particular in developmental biology and toxicology (Strähle et al., 2012). With respect to AChE, the zebrafish has, e.g., been identified

• In this study we make the first simultaneous

  2023-01-02

  

  In this study, we make the first simultaneous recordings of Cinobufagin release in multiple brain regions at a temporal resolution less than 1 s. One of the most striking findings is that acetylcholine release has a remarkably similar temporal profile in the mPFC and dHPC, suggesting a coordinated

• The first natural product described as LO

  2023-01-02

  

  The first natural product described as 5-LO inhibitor was the polyphenol nordihydroguaiaretic Nicotinamide from the Mexican dessert plant Larrea divaricata in 1981 (Bokoch and Reed, 1981), short after the initial identification of 5-LO in 1979 (Borgeat and Samuelsson, 1979). Long time before mPGES-

• Finasteride has been shown to be a mechanism based

  2023-01-02

  

  Finasteride has been shown to be a mechanism-based inhibitor of 5AR-2 [9]. Finasteride acts as an alternate substrate for 5AR-2 and is initially bound in an extremely stable enzyme-bound NADP-dihydrofinasteride adduct which is ultimately processed to dihydrofinasteride. The NADP-dihydrofinasteride a

• br Materials and methods br Results RT PCR showed

  2022-12-28

  

  Materials and methods Results RT-PCR showed that both arginase 1 and 2 were expressed in the OB of Korean roe deer (Fig. 1). Immunoblotting detected arginase 1 in the OB of roe deer (Fig. 2A, left lane) at a molecular weight of approximately 37kDa, which is the size of the enzyme in the rat O

• Despite their different effects on cell survival the functio

  2022-12-28

  

  Despite their different effects on cell survival, the functions of autophagy and apoptosis are not completely independent. Additionally, Cho et al. (2009) suggested that the mediation of caspase-3 links the apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways. Consequently, to illuminate the correlation, exc

• Despite their different effects on cell survival the functio

  2022-12-28

  

  Despite their different effects on cell survival, the functions of autophagy and apoptosis are not completely independent. Additionally, Cho et al. (2009) suggested that the mediation of caspase-3 links the apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways. Consequently, to illuminate the correlation, exc

• It is reported that calpain plays a critical role

  2022-12-28

  

  It is reported that calpain-2 plays a critical role in BDNF-induced signaling and memory formation, and knockdown of calpain-2, but not calpain-1, completely suppresses BDNF-induced pathway activation and protein translation (Briz et al., 2013). BDNF prevents neuronal apoptosis or death (Ferrer et a

• br Conclusion br Introduction Breast cancer is

  2022-12-27

  

  Conclusion Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women [1,2]. There were about 1.7 million new cases of breast cancer worldwide in 2012 [3], and the number of new cases of female breast cancer is expected to increase to 3.2 mi

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